Gene testing

DNA Core is the starting point on your journey to personalised healthcare. This test reports on gene-environment interactions and provides personalised, easy-to-follow, summarised recommendations on four core areas:

• key biological processes that drive health including methylation, detoxification and lipid metabolism
• macro- and micronutrient requirements based on genetic response
• weight management insights such as obesity risk and eating behaviour
• exercise responsiveness including power and endurance potential, and recovery time.

Price 630€

Analytes Measured:

Lipid Metabolism 

APOC3: Cholesterol metabolism.

APOE: Catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. Affects antioxidant requirement.

CETP: Metabolism of HDL and mediates the exchange of lipids between lipoproteins.

LPL: Removes lipids from the circulation by hydrolysing triglycerides into free fatty acids.

PON1: Protects against atherogenesis by assisting in the cardioprotective effect of HDL.

Insulin Sensitivity

PPARG: Involved in adipocyte differentiation and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.

TCF7L2: Influences blood glucose homeostasis – both insulin secretion and resistance.

SLC2A2: Facilitates glucose induced insulin secretion.

FTO: Influences susceptibility to obesity and risk for type 2 diabetes.

IRS1: Involved in transmission of insulin-based signals.

Methylation

MTHFD1: Influences the effectiveness of the folate-dependent methylation pathway.

MTHFR: Directs folate from the diet either to DNA synthesis or homocysteine remethylation.

MTR: Catalyses the re-methylation of homocysteine to methionine.

MTRR: Catalyses methylcobalamin, which is essential for maintaining adequate intracellular pools of methionine.

CBS: Removal of homocysteine from the methionine cycle.

COMT: Catalyses the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to catecholamines.

Phase I Detoxification

CYP1A1: Converts environmental pro-carcinogens into reactive intermediates that have carcinogenic effects.

Phase I Detoxification – Caffeine

CYP1A2: Responsible for the demethylation of caffeine.

Phase II Detoxification

GSTM1 & GSTP1: Responsible for the removal of xenobiotics, carcinogens, and products of oxidative stress.

GSTT1: Catalyses the conjugation of reduced glutathione.

NQO1: Detoxification of potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic quinones derived from tobacco smoke, diet and oestrogen metabolism.

Antioxidant Enzymes

eNOS: Influences vascular tone and peripheral vascular resistance.

MnSOD/SOD2: Vital antioxidant activity within the cell, especially within the mitochondria.

GPx: Important selenium-dependant antioxidant enzymes.

CAT: Responsible for the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

Inflammation

CRP: Rises in response to inflammation in the body.

IL-1A, IL-1B & IL-1RN: Important leverage points in the inflammatory cascade.

IL-6 & IL-6R: Plays crucial roles in inflammation by regulating the expression of C reactive protein (CRP).

TNFA:  Crucial proinflammatory cytokine.

Vitamin D metabolism & Bone Health

VDR:  Profound influence on bone density.

CYP2R1: Involved in the conversion of vitamin D to 25(OH)D (calcidiol).

GC: Encodes for the vitamin D binding protein.

Vitamin A Metabolism

BC01: Catalysing carotenoids to retinal (vitamin A).

Vitamin B12 Transport

FUT2: Vitamin B12 absorption and transport.

Lactose Intolerance

MCM6: Associated with lactase persistence and adult hypolactasia.

Gluten Intolerance

HLA DQ2/DQ8: Major genetic predisposition for coeliac disease.

Alcohol Metabolism

ALDH2: Detoxification of toxic, carcinogenic aldehydes to acetate.

Iron Overload

HFE: Major genetic predisposition for hemochromatosis.

Fat Absorption & Metabolism

ADIPOQ: Regulates energy homeostasis and glucose tolerance thus promoting lipid oxidation in the muscle and liver.

APOA2 & APOA5: Plays a complex role in lipoprotein metabolism, insulin resistance, obesity and atherosclerosis susceptibility.

FABP2: Influences fat absorption and metabolism.

PLIN: Influences diet-induced obesity.

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism

FADS1: Key enzyme in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism.

Energy Homeostasis

UCP1, UCP2 & UCP3: Involved in oxidative metabolism and energy production.

Epinephrine Receptors – Energy Mobilisation

ADRB2: Associated with blood vessel growth.

ADBR3: Involved in the regulation of lipolysis that influences metabolism.

Dopamine Receptor

DRD2: Important role in both addiction and normal eating behaviour.

Taste Sensitivity

TAS1R2 & TAS2R38: Contribute to inter-individual variations in sugar consumption and bitter sensitivity.

Snacking & Satiety

MCR4: A strong obesity candidate gene.

Circadian Rhythms

CLOCK: Effect on circadian rhythms and sleep duration.

Blood Flow & Respiration

AGT & ACE: Part of the renin-angiotensin system and response to salt.

BDKRB2: Influences the cross-talk between the renin-angiotensin and the kinin-kallikrein systems.

VEGF: Affects peripheral circulation and capillary blood flow.

Energy During Exercise

NRF-2: Improves respiratory capacity and increases ATP production.

PPARGC1A: Mediation of the initial phase of exercise and increasing mitochondrial biogenesis.

PPARA: Associated with lipid and glucose metabolism.

Fuel During Exercise

TRHR: Stimulates the release of TSH.

Musculoskeletal Properties

ACTN3: Influences the function of fast-twitch muscle fibres.

Muscle Cramping Susceptibility

AMPD1: Muscle fatigue, weakness and cramping.

Collagen Production

COL1A1 & COL5A1: Found in tendons, ligaments and cartilage.

GDF5: Development and healing of the skeletal system and soft tissues.

DNA Diet helps to optimise the right diet and physical activity plan for you. It includes the analysis of 13 genes related to weight gain, diet and exercise. The test provides specific instructions on how to prevent obesity and related diseases.

What does it tell you?

• The diet best for you
• The optimal exercise plan for you
• If you have an additional need for certain substances (polyunsaturated fatty acids)
• The efficiency of your metabolism and the risk of becoming overweight
• If you should avoid carbohydrates
• You ideal eating behavior

Price 395€

DNA Health is the basis for the gene-based personalised health plan. This includes the analysis of 26 genes that play key roles in seven important biological processes. The results form the basis for a comprehensive health profile: a healthy diet plan based on genetic information; your individual need for essential vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients; dietary supplement recommendations. This genetic information helps you make the necessary lifestyle changes that promote health.

What does it tell you?

• The diet best for you
• If you have an increased need for B vitamins (B6, B12 and folate are important in DNA and cell renewal processes)
• The detoxification capacity of your body
• The risk of developing chronic inflammation
• The risk of lactose and gluten intolerance
• Your fatty acid metabolism and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases
• If you have an increased need for calcium and vitamin D (important for bone health)
• Insulin sensitivity and the risk of type 2 diabetes

Prive 395€

DNA Sport reveals inherited athletic ability that benefits both professional and recreational athletes. The focus is on getting the most out of your workout. Genes related to physical activity are analysed in three categories – strength/endurance, tendon pathology and recovery.

What does it tell you?

• The training that suits you best (strength or endurance training)
• Your post-exercise recovery rate
• The optimal time of day for exercise
• If you have a higher risk for soft tissue injuries
• Your predisposition for muscle growth
• The effect of substances (calcium, vitamin D, caffeine, salt) on your body

Price 395€

DNA Mental Health examines gene variations linked to the functions in the body that affect our mental health. Together with environmental factors, the inadequate performance of these functions increases the risk of various mental health disorders. This test analyses mainly three areas: mood, addictions, and neurodegenerative disorders.

What does it tell you?

• How you respond to stress
• If you have an increased risk of developing mood disorders (including depression, bipolar disorder)
• If you have an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders (including Alzheimer’s)
• If you should consume certain supplements (group B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids)
• The effects of nicotine and cannabinoids
• The risk of various addictions (e.g. alcohol, but also eating disorders)

Price 395€

DNA Oestrogen provides guidance on appropriate diet, lifestyle and hormone use. The focus is on improving oestrogen metabolism, which reduces the harmful effects of this important female hormone. This includes the analysis of 11 genes involved in oestrogen biosynthesis, metabolism and detoxification.

What does it tell you?

• If you have an increased risk of breast cancer
• The influence of different carcinogens on the development of cancer (e.g. smoke, nitrates, air pollution)
• The detoxification capacity of the body
• If you need to change your dietary and lifestyle habits
• Your body’s oestrogen metabolism

Price 395€